This page contains all the Finnish grammar subjects that Uusi kielemme currently covers. There are separate sections on verbs, nouns, constructions, phonetics and the grammar of spoken language.

Please note that these Finnish grammar topics are not listed in the order you should study them. While it is generally true that the column on the left contains the most basic subjects, this does not always hold true.

The idea of this page is that it works as a reference material for Finnish grammar: whenever you have questions about a subject, you can look up more information on this page. Within one article, there can be information fit for beginners as well as more complicated information for advanced learners.

[su_box title=”Table of Contents” style=”bubbles” box_color=”#86ad40″]

1. Grammar related to verbs
2. Grammar related to nouns
3. Grammar related to sentence constructions
4. Spoken language grammar
5. Phonology
6. Etymology

[/su_box]

[su_spoiler title=”The Conjugation of Verbs” open=”yes” style=”fancy” icon=”caret”]

THE CONJUGATION OF VERBS

[lgc_column grid=”33″ tablet_grid=”100″ mobile_grid=”100″ last=”false”]

• The present tense
  • The Finnish verbtypes
• The past tenses
  • The imperfect tense
    • Lentää > lensin
    • Auttaa > autoin
  • The negative imperfect
  • The perfect tense
  • The plusquamperfect
  • Overview of past tenses
• The future tense
  • Ways to express intent

• The passive
  • The present passive
  • Negative present passive
  • The past passive
  • The passive conditional
  • Overview of the passives
  • Spoken language passive

[/lgc_column]

[lgc_column grid=”33″ tablet_grid=”100″ mobile_grid=”100″ last=”false”]

• The conditional mood
  • The conditional
  • The perfect conditional
  • The passive conditional
• The imperative mood
  • The imperative
  • Älä! Negative imperative
  • Kapteeni käskee (singular)
  • Kapteeni käskee (plural)
  • Other imperative uses

• Consonant gradation
  • Verbtype 1
  • Verbtype 3
  • Verbtype 4
  • Verbtype 6

[/lgc_column]

[lgc_column grid=”33″ tablet_grid=”100″ mobile_grid=”100″ last=”true”]

• The infinitives
  • The 5 Finnish infinitives
  • The first infinitive
  • The second infinitive
  • The third infinitive
  • The fourth infinitive

• The participles
  • Overview
  • Active present participle (-VA)
  • Passive present participle (-TAVA)
  • Active past participle (-NUT)
  • Passive past participle (-TU)
  • Agent participle (-mA)
• Making verbs negative
• Compound verbs
• The potential mood
• Verbtype 1

[/lgc_column]

[/su_spoiler]

[su_spoiler title=”The Inflection of Nouns” open=”yes” style=”fancy” icon=”caret”]

THE INFLECTION OF NOUNS

[lgc_column grid=”33″ tablet_grid=”100″ mobile_grid=”100″ last=”false”]

• The partitive case
• The genitive case

• The location cases
  • Missä mistä mihin
  • The inessive (-ssa)
  • The elative (-sta)
  • The illative
  • The adessive (-lla)
  • The ablative (-lta)
  • The allative (-lle)
  • Hyllyllä or hyllyssä?
• Consonant Gradation
  • Wordtype A – KPT
  • Wordtype B – KPT

• Degrees of comparison
  • Comparative of adjectives
  • Partitive in comparatives
  • Superlative of adjectives
  • Inflecting comparisons
  • Comparing adverbs
  • Inflecting comparative adverbs

[/lgc_column]

[lgc_column grid=”33″ tablet_grid=”100″ mobile_grid=”100″ last=”false”]

• The T-plural

• The plural partitive
  • The plural partitive
  • Plural of long words
  • Plural partitive vs T-plural
  • List: Kissa-words
• The plural genitive
  • The plural genitive
  • Plural of long words
  • Using the plural genitive
  • Possessive suffixes’
• The plural location cases
  • The plural location cases
  • The plural illative

• Examples of the plural cases

• Rarer cases
  • The accusative case
  • Accusative total objects
  • The translative (-ksi)
  • The essive (-na)
  • The abessive (-tta)
  • The comitative (-ine)
  • The instructive (-in)

[/lgc_column]

[lgc_column grid=”33″ tablet_grid=”100″ mobile_grid=”100″ last=”true”]

• “Here” and “there”
  • Overview
  • Tässä tästä tähän
  • Täällä täältä tänne
  • Tuossa tuosta tuohon
  • Tuolla tuolta tuonne
  • Siinä siitä sinne
• The inflection of…
  • Expressions of time
  • Place names
  • Words ending in a consonant
  • Us-Ukse- vs Us-Ude- words
  • Words ending in -is
  • Old/New words ending in -i

• Special inflection cases
  • Inflection of numbers
  • Inflection of ordinal numbers
  • Inflection of foreign names
  • Inflection of French names
  • Indeclinable words
• Old cases
  • Prolative: puhelimitse vesitse
  • Lative: alas ulos ylös

[/lgc_column]

[/su_spoiler]

[su_spoiler title=”Finnish Sentence Constructions” open=”yes” style=”fancy” icon=”caret”]

SYNTAX: Sentence Constructions

[lgc_column grid=”33″ tablet_grid=”100″ mobile_grid=”100″ last=”false”]

Finnish Sentence Types

• Overview of sentence types
• Possession (having something)
• Necessity sentences (täytyy)
• On mentävä -sentences
• Existential sentences
• Sentences without a subject
• Generic sentences
• Change and result sentences
• Tuloslause vs. muutoslause
• Subordinate clauses
• Relative pronoun joka
• Syntax of täytyy-sentences
• Conjugation of täytyy-sentences

Constructions

• [olla + -lla] (olla kahvilla)
• [olla + -ssa] (olla piilossa)
• [olla + -uksissaan]
• [x:llani, x:llaan] (pahoillaan)
• [olla + -ltaan] (ammatiltaan)
• [olla + -ttavissa] (tavattavissa)

Clitics – Liitepartikkelit

• The order of Finnish suffixes
• -han/-hän
• -kin/-kaan/-kään
• -pa/-pä

[/lgc_column][lgc_column grid=”33″ tablet_grid=”100″ mobile_grid=”100″ last=”false”]

Rections

• Verb + noun rections
  • Partitive verbs
  • So-called partitive verbs
  • Käydä + missä
  • Location case verb rections
  • Translative verb rections
  • Perceptional verbs
  • Keneltä kenestä keneen
• Verb + verb rections
  • Infinitive verb rections
  • Third infinitive verb rections
  • Fourth infinitive verb rections
• Noun rections
  • Adjective rections
  • Noun + noun rections
  • Noun + verb rections
• Verb rections with että
• Timespans: mistä mihin
• Use of infinitives and participles

[/lgc_column][lgc_column grid=”33″ tablet_grid=”100″ mobile_grid=”100″ last=”true”]

Grammatical Functions

• Object & Complement
  • The object
  • Luen kirjaa/kirjan/kirjat
  • Syön leipää/pullan/nakkeja
  • Tarvitsen rakkautta
  • Advanced object: overview
  • Total object verbs
  • The complement
  • Mass nouns
  • Complications
  • Abstract nouns

Advanced

• Lauseenvastikkeet
  • Finaalirakenne
  • Modaalirakenne
  • Temporaalirakenne
  • Referatiivirakenne
• Colorative verb chains
• Reduplication phrases
• Reduplication words
• Täytyy-sentence types
• Word order in existential sentences

[/lgc_column][/su_spoiler]

[su_spoiler title=”Other Areas of Finnish” open=”yes” style=”fancy” icon=”caret”]

Other Areas of Finnish

[lgc_column grid=”33″ tablet_grid=”100″ mobile_grid=”100″ last=”false”]

Spoken language

• Mä mää mie – Pronouns
• Tää toi se – Taivutus
• Ne puhuu puhekieltä
• Menen nukkuun – Third infinitive
• Verbs in spoken language
• Spoken language passive
• Spoken language questions
• Spoken language numbers
• Spoken language pronunciation
• Syntax of spoken Finnish
• Overview

[/lgc_column][lgc_column grid=”33″ tablet_grid=”100″ mobile_grid=”100″ last=”false”]

Phonology

• Vowel harmony
• Vowel harmony exceptions
• Consonant gradation
• Tilli tili tiili tyyli tuuli
• Banaani vs panaani
• Vanha vs wanha
• Pöydällä vs pöyrällä
• Kolome kylymää kahavia
• Siivota → siipoan?
• Politiikka vs poliitikko
• Menep pois

[/lgc_column][lgc_column grid=”33″ tablet_grid=”100″ mobile_grid=”100″ last=”true”]

Etymology

• Swedish loanverbs -ATA
• English loanverbs -ATA
• Baltic and Germanic loanwords

[/lgc_column][/su_spoiler]