Finnish Spoken Language Numbers Kaheksan
This article deals with the Finnish spoken language numbers. There are many ways to say the numbers in spoken Finnish. As you probably know by now, Finnish numbers can be quite long (e.g. kahdeksankymmentäkahdeksan “88”). As such, that leaves a lot of opportunities for making the numbers shorter in spoken Finnish.
The way the numbers are shortened can depend on a number of things:
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- The dialect of the speaker (e.g. spoken language kymppi and Helsinki slang kybä for 10)
- The formality of the situation (e.g. among friends vs. on the news)
- The function of the number (e.g. are we counting or stating a price)
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- The numbers when counting (yy, kaa)
- The numbers in regular sentences (yks kaks)
- The names of the numbers (ykkönen, kakkonen)
- The ordinal numbers (eka, toka)
- Inflection of numbers (yhen, yhdellä)
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1. The Numbers When Counting
When we’re quickly counting from one till ten in Finnish, we can shorten the numbers considerably. However, there is still variation between people in exactly how they shorten each number.
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- One version could be yks (1), kaks (2), kol (3), nel (4), viis (5), kuus (6), seiska (7), kasi (8), ysi (9), kymppi (10).
- Still shorter, used for example when when playing hide and seek, could be yy (1), kaa (2), koo (3), nee (4), vii (5), kuu (6), see (7), kasi (8), ysi (9), kymppi (10).
- Between 10 and 20, the –toista can become -toi or -too, such as yytoo (11), kaatoo (12), koltoo (13), neltoo (14), viitoo (15), kuutoo (16), seitoo (17), kasitoo (18), ysitoo (19).
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2. The Numbers in Regular Sentences
In a regular sentence, you will not shorten the words as much as in the previous section. The numbers one to ten are shortened minimally. These changes are seen all over spoken language and are in no way limited to only the numbers.
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- The numbers yksi, kaksi, viisi and kuusi lose their final -i.
- Kolme and neljä usually aren’t changed in any way, but there are dialects where they are changed to kolome and nelijä.
- The consonant cluster -ts- in seitsemän can be simplified into seittemän.
- As often happens in spoken language, kahdeksan and yhdeksän will lose their -d-, as well as possibly their final -n, depending on the person speaking. In some dialects, the -d- can also change into an -r- (kahreksan), or in a double -h- (kahheksan). Read more about the -d- in Finnish here.
- The numbers 11-19 are formed using -toista, which can be shortened to –toist or -tost. The number in front of the -toista will behave in the same way as the single numbers.
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| Number | Spoken language |
|---|---|
| yksi | yks |
| kaksi | kaks |
| kolme | kolme, kolome |
| neljä | neljä, nelijä |
| viisi | viis |
| kuusi | kuus |
| seitsemän | seittemä(n) |
| kahdeksan | kaheksa(n) |
| yhdeksän | yheksä(n) |
| kymmenen | kymmene(n) |
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| Full number | Spoken language |
|---|---|
| yksitoista | ykstoist |
| kaksitoista | kakstoist |
| kolmetoista | kolmetoist |
| neljätoista | neljätoist |
| viisitoista | viistoist |
| kuusitoista | kuustoist |
| seitsemäntoista | seittemäntoist |
| kahdeksantoista | kaheksantoist |
| yhdeksäntoista | yheksäntoist |
| kaksikymmentä | kakskymment, kakskyt |
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From kaksikymmentä (20) up, there are more ways to shorten the numbers, as their full versions are getting longer.
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- The –kymmentä can be shortened as –kymment, -kyttä, –kytä or –kyt, depending on the person speaking.
- In the numbers 30 and 40, kolme and neljä will also regularly be shortened as kol and nel, although you can also hear kolokytä and nelekytä.
- 80 and 90 are the numbers that are long even in spoken language, each with at least four syllables even in spoken language: kaheksakyt, yheksäkyt.
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| # | Full number | Spoken language |
|---|---|---|
| 20 | kaksikymmentä | kakskymment, kaksikytä, kakskyt |
| 30 | kolmekymmentä | kolmekymment, kolkytä, kolkyt |
| 40 | neljäkymmentä | neljäkymment, nelkytä, nelkyt |
| 50 | viisikymmentä | viiskymment, viiskytä, viiskyt |
| 60 | kuusikymmentä | kuuskymment, kuuskytä, kuuskyt |
| 70 | seitsemänkymmentä | seittemänkymment, seittekytä, seitkyt, seiskyt |
| 80 | kahdeksankymmentä | kaheksankymment, kaheksankytä, kaheksankyt |
| 90 | yhdeksänkymmentä | yheksänkymment, yheksänkytä, yheksänkyt |
The bigger numbers follow the same pattern as above.
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- The number 21 could be kaks-kymment-yks, kaks-kyttä-yks, kaks-kytä-yks, or most commonly kaks-kyt-yks.
- The numbers 7, 8 and 9 still form three syllables in spoken language, so 99 is still long: yheksänkytkyheksän. However, when talking prices, e.g. 3,99 euros, it will be shortened to “kolme ysiysi”.
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| # | Full number | Spoken language |
|---|---|---|
| 21 | kaksikymmentäyksi | kakskytäyks, kakskytyks |
| 22 | kaksikymmentäkaksi | kakskytäkaks, kakskytkaks |
| 23 | kaksikymmentäkolme | kakskytäkolme, kakskytkolme |
| 26 | kaksikymmentäkuusi | kakskytäkuus, kakskytkuus |
| 27 | kaksikymmentäseitsemän | kakskytäseittemä(n), kakskytseittemä |
| 28 | kaksikymmentäkahdeksan | kakskytäkaheksa(n), kakskytkahdeksa |
| 29 | kaksikymmentäyhdeksän | kakskytäyheksä(n), kakskytyheksä |
3. The Names of the Numbers
The same changes from above also take place in the names of the numbers (e.g. ykkönen is “number one”). Most of these numbers aren’t all that different in spoken language.
Below, you can find the same changes for the beginning number of the decades that you’ve already read about above:
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- kaksikymppinen → kakskymppine(n)
- viisikymppinen → viiskymppine(n)
- kuusikymppinen → kuuskymppine(n)
- seitsemänkymppinen → seitsenkymppine[n)
- kahdeksankymppinen → kasikymppine(n)
- yhdeksänkymppinen → ysikymppine(n)
- kaksikakkonen → kakskakkone(n)
- viisinelonen → viisnelone(n)
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4. Ordinal Numbers in Spoken Finnish
When we talk about the Finnish spoken language numbers, we also need to look at ordinal numbers (first, second etc). Many of these are the same in spoken and written Finnish (e.g. kolmas, neljäs, viides). However, the regular changes that apply to all words in spoken language also apply to these. For example, the -a at the end of toista can be dropped (toist) and the -d- from kahdeksas will also disappear (kaheksas).
Below, you can find a list of ordinal numbers that change in spoken, most notably eka and toka.
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- ensimmäinen → eka!
- toinen → toka!
- seitsemäs → seittemäs
- kahdeksas → kaheksas
- yhdeksäs → yheksäs
- yhdestoista → yhestoist(a)
- kahdestoista → kahestoist(a)
- kahdeskymmenestoinen → kaheskymmenestoka
- kolmaskymmenesensimmäinen → kolmaskymmeneseka
- viideskymmenesseitsemäs → viieskymmenesseittemäs
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5. Inflection of the Numbers
The general rules for spoken language changes also apply when inflecting the Finnish spoken language numbers.
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- Final -i of numbers gets dropped: yks(
i), kaks(i) - The -d- of numbers gets dropped: yh(
d)en, kah(d)en (less common for 5 and 6) - The translative -ksi gets shortened: yheks(i), kaheks(i), neljäks(
i) - The inessive -ssa gets shortened: yhes(
sä), kahes(sa), neljäs(sä) - The elative -sta gets shortened: yhest(
ä), kahest(a), neljäst(ä)
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| Case | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | yks | kaks | kolme | neljä |
| Partitive | yhtä | kahta | kolmea | neljää |
| Genitive | yhen | kahen | kolmen | neljän |
| Missä | yhes | kahes | kolmes | neljäs |
| Mistä | yhest | kahest | kolmest | neljäst |
| Mihin | yhteen | kahteen | kolmeen | neljään |
| Millä | yhel | kahel | kolmel | neljäl |
| Miltä | yhelt | kahelt | kolmelt | neljält |
| Mille | yhelle | kahelle | kolmelle | neljälle |
| Translative | yheks | kaheks | kolmeks | neljäks |
| Case | 5 | 6 | 7 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | viis | kuus | seittemän |
| Partitive | viittä | kuutta | seittemää |
| Genitive | viiden, viien | kuuden, kuuen | seittemän |
| Missä | viides, viies | kuudes, kuues | seittemäs |
| Mistä | viidest, viiest | kuudest, kuuest | seittemäst |
| Mihin | viiteen | kuuteen | seittemään |
| Millä | viidel, viiel | kuudel, kuuel | seittemäl |
| Miltä | viidelt, viielt | kuudelt, kuuelt | seittemält |
| Mille | viidelle, viielle | kuudelle, kuuelle | seittemälle |
| Translative | viideks, viieks | kuudeks, kuueks | seittemäks |
| Case | 8 | 9 | 10 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | kaheksa(n) | yheksä(n) | kymmene(n) |
| Partitive | kaheksaa | yheksää | kymment(ä) |
| Genitive | kaheksan | yheksän | kymmenen |
| Missä | kaheksas(sa) | yheksäs(sä) | kymmenes(sä) |
| Mistä | kaheksast(a) | yheksäst(ä) | kymmenest(ä) |
| Mihin | kaheksaan | yheksään | kymmeneen |
| Millä | kaheksal(la) | yheksäl(lä) | kymmenel(lä) |
| Miltä | kaheksalt(a) | yheksält(ä) | kymmenelt(ä) |
| Mille | kaheksalle | yheksälle | kymmenelle |
| Translative | kaheksaks(i) | yheksäks(i) | kymmeneks(i) |
That’s it for this article on Finnish spoken language numbers!
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