Feeling Verbs – Minua Ärsyttää – Tunnekausatiiviverbit
I guess the Finnish saying “rakkaalla lapsella on monta nimeä” fits for this subject: there are plenty of terms used for these feeling verbs: in Finnish, you can call them tunneverbit, tuntemusverbit, or tunnekausatiiviverbit.
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- The Formation of Feeling Sentences
- The basics
- Sentence constructions
- The Types of Feeling Verbs
- Verbs that express emotions (tunneverbit)
- Verbs that express sensation (tuntemusverbit)
- Alternatives to Feeling Verbs
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1. Formation of Feeling Sentences (Tunnekausatiivilause)
1.1. The Basics
The following verbs all have in common that the person experiencing the feeling will appear in the partitive case. In addition, the verb will always be in the third person singular, regardless of who is feeling the emotion (#1) or sensation (#2).
| # | Finnish | English |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Minua ujostuttaa. | I feel shy. |
| 1 | Sinua hävettää. | You feel ashamed. |
| 1 | Häntä suututtaa. | She feels angry. |
| 1 | Meitä ihmetyttää. | We feel confused. |
| 1 | Teitä masentaa. | You (plural) feel depressed. |
| 1 | Heitä pelottaa. | They feel afraid. |
| 2 | Teitä väsyttää. | You feel tired. |
| 2 | Minua haukottaa. | I feel like yawning. |
| 2 | Sinua pissattaa. | You feel like you have to pee. |
| 2 | Häntä heikottaa. | He feels weak. |
| 2 | Meitä yskittää. | We feel like we have to cough. |
| 2 | Heitä oksettaa. | They feel nauseous. |
In negative sentences you will use “ei” (not conjugated!) with the main verb in its negative form. The subject stays in the partitive, just like in affirmative sentence.
| Finnish | English | Finnish | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| minua ujostuttaa | I feel shy | minua ei ujostuta | I don’t feel shy |
| sinua hävettää | you feel ashamed | sinua ei hävetä | you don’t feel ashamed |
| häntä suututtaa | she feels angry | häntä ei suututa | she doesn’t feel angry |
| meitä ihmetyttää | we feel confused | meitä ei ihmetytä | we don’t feel confused |
| teitä masentaa | you feel depressed | teitä ei masenna | you don’t feel depressed |
| heitä pelottaa | they feel afraid | heitä ei pelota | they don’t feel afraid |
You can also conjugate these verbs in all the other tenses. In this article, I will only show you the past tense.
| Present | Imperfect | Negative Imperfect |
|---|---|---|
| minua ujostuttaa | minua ujostutti | minua ei ujostuttanut |
| sinua hävettää | sinua hävetti | sinua ei hävettänyt |
| häntä suututtaa | häntä suututti | häntä ei suututtanut |
| meitä ihmetyttää | meitä ihmetytti | meitä ei ihmetyttänyt |
| teitä masentaa | teitä masensi | teitä ei masentanut |
| heitä pelottaa | heitä pelotti | heitä ei pelottanut |
1.2. Sentence Construction of the Tunnekausatiivilause
These feeling verbs can be used in a variety of sentences.
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Most of these verbs can appear on their own without the cause of the feeling included. In this case, you will start a sentence with the person experiencing the emotion at the front of the sentence (in the partitive case).
| Finnish | English |
|---|---|
| Minua nukuttaa. |
I feel sleepy. |
| Minua väsytti. |
I felt tired. |
| Tänään meitä itkettää. |
We feel like crying today. |
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We can also include the cause of the feeling in the sentence. In that case, the cause will often just be a noun in the nominative case. While the word order can be swapped around in this case, the partitive will generally still appear at the front of the sentence.
| Finnish | English |
|---|---|
| Meitä huolestuttaa ilmastonmuutos. | We are worried about climate change. |
| Ilmastonmuutos huolestuttaa meitä. | Climate change worries us. |
| Anttia itketti surullinen elokuva. |
Antti felt like crying because of the sad movie. |
| Surullinen elokuva itketti Anttia. |
The sad movie made Antti feel like crying. |
| Tapahtumat lannistivat häntä. | The events disheartened him. |
| Tapahtumat masensivat häntä | The events depressed him. |
| Naisen tyhmyys suututti häntä. | The woman’s stupidity angered him. |
| Naisen käytös tyrmistytti häntä. | The woman’s behavior baffled him. |
| Uutinen järkytti minua. |
The news shocked me. |
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In many cases, there just isn’t a way to condense the cause of what we’re feeling into one word, like we did in the previous section. We can, however, use a subordinate clause. This can be a sentence starting with: että, kun, koska or a question word.
| Finnish | English |
|---|---|
| Minua itkettää, kun katson surullista elokuvaa. | I feel like crying when I watch a sad movie. |
| Minua ihmetyttää, miksi hän ei tehnyt sitä. | I’m confused why he didn’t do it. |
| Minua ihmetyttää, että hän teki sen päätöksen. | I’m confused that he made that decision. |
| Minua ihmetyttää, koska en odottanut sitä. | I’m confused because I didn’t expect it. |
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2. The Types of Feeling Verbs
2.1. Verbs that express emotions (tunneverbit)
The first group of “feeling verbs” are related to emotions.
| Finnish | English |
|---|---|
| Heitä hämmästyttää suuri maidonkulutus. | They’re amazed by the large milk consumption. |
| Välillä häntä ihmetyttää vaimonsa käytös. | Sometimes his wife’s behavior confuses him. |
| Meitä mietityttää, kenelle video on tarkoitettu. | We’re wondering who the video is meant for. |
| Minua askarruttaa lääkärin tekemä diagnoosi. | I’m confused about the doctor’s diagnosis. |
| Meitä huolestuttaa ilmastonmuutos. | We’re worried about climate change. |
| Minua alkoi säälittää tuo poika. | I started to feel pity for the boy. |
| Minua nolotti, kun en tunnistanut häntä. | I was embarrassed when I didn’t recognise her. |
| Minua hävettää niin… | I feel so ashamed… |
| Tyttöä alkoi ujostuttaa. | The girl got a bit shy. |
| Meitä kaduttaa, että tultiin Suomeen. | We regret coming to Finland. |
| Heitä itkettää surullinen elokuva. | They feel like crying because of the sad movie. |
| Minua surettaa, että hän ei ymmärrä minua. | It saddens me that he doesn’t understand me. |
| Harmaa syksy masentaa monia. | The grey autumn makes many feel depressed. |
| Minua harmittaa, kun unohdan avaimet kotiin. | I feel annoyed, when I forget my keys at home. |
| Meitä ärsyttää, koska bussi on myöhässä. | We feel annoyed, because the bus is late. |
| Minua inhottaa sade ja kova tuuli. | I detest rain and hard wind. |
| Vauvaa kiukuttaa, jos hän ei saa ruokaa. | The baby feels annoyed if he doesn’t get food. |
| Teitä suututtaa, koska se on loppuunmyyty. | You feel angry, because it’s sold out. |
| Minua vituttaa tämä jatkuva vesisade. | This constant rain pisses me off. |
| Minua raivostuttaa, koska et ymmärrä minua. | I feel angry, because you don’t understand me. |
| Häntä pelottaa, koska huoneessa on pimeää. | She’s scared because it’s dark in the room. |
| Meitä kauhistutti liikenne tiellä. | The traffic on the road horrified us. |
| Rikoksen raakuus kammotti kaikkia. | The brutality of the crime horrified everyone. |
| Minua hirvitti, mutta suostuin kuitenkin. | I was terrified, but I agreed to do it regardless. |
| Kysymys häkellytti häntä. | The question shook him. |
| Minua ahdistaa käydä taloyhtiön saunassa. | I feel anxiety about using the building’s sauna. |
| Isää jännittää vilkas liikenne. | Dad feels worried about the heavy traffic. |
| Aloin kyllästyttää itse itseäni. | I started to get fed up with myself. |
| Häntä miellyttää suomalaisten suorapuheisuus. | She is pleased with the frankness of Finns. |
| Kysymys hymyilyttää äitiä ja isää. | The question makes mom and dad smile. |
| Minua naurattaa, kun katson hauskaa elokuvaa. | I feel like laughing when I watch a funny movie. |
| Minua ilahduttaa, kun sinä tuot kukkia. | I feel delighted when you bring flowers. |
| Minua huvittavat tosi-tv-ohjelmat. | I feel amused by reality tv shows. |
| Häntä ei huvita lähteä. | He doesn’t feel like leaving. |
2.2. Verbs that express sensations (tuntemusverbit)
The second group of “feeling verbs” deal with physical feelings or sensations. Many of these are connected to illnesses and will be extremely important for immigrants looking to find a job in the health sector.
| Finnish | English |
|---|---|
| Talvella meitä lämmittää kuuma kaakao. | In winter, we warm up with hot chocolate milk. |
| Ulkona on liian kylmää. Meitä paleltaa. | Outside it’s too cold. We feel cold. |
| Kaupungilla oli kuumaa. Nyt minua janottaa. | It was hot in the city. Now I feel thirsty. |
| On jo myöhä: minua nukuttaa. | It’s already late: I feel sleepy. |
| Kun olen väsynyt, minua piristää kahvia. | When I’m tired, I get woken up by some coffee. |
| Minua väsyttää aina aamulla. | I always feel tired in the morning. |
| Potilasta huimaa, kun hän yrittää nousta. | The patient feels dizzy when she tries to get up. |
| Minua pissattaa koko ajan. | I feel like I have to pee all the time. |
| Kun lasta kakattaa, hän kertoo sen. | When the child feels he has to poo, he says so. |
| Villapaita kutittaa ihoa. | The sweater makes the skin itch. |
| Sinua haukottaa. Nuku vain. | You feel like yawning. Go ahead and sleep. |
| Minua aivastuttaa koko ajan. | I feel like I have to sneeze all the time. |
| Minua yskittää aina urheilun jälkeen. | I always have to cough after sports. |
| Kuljettajaa heikotti juuri ennen kolaria. | The driver felt faint right before the car crash. |
| Näitä naisia kuvottaa karvainen mies. | These women are nauseated by a hairy man. |
| Monet sairaudet voivat hikoiluttaa sinua yöllä. | Many illnesses can make you sweat at night. |
| Mene lääkäriin, jos päätä jomottaa koko ajan. |
Go to a doctor, if your head aches all the time. |
| Niskaani kuumottaa. | My neck feels hot. |
| Minua oksettaa, mutta en ole vielä oksentanut. | I feel like throwing up, but I haven’t yet. |
| Hämähäkit puistattavat minua. | Spiders make me shiver. |
| Rappusten nouseminen hengästyttää sinua. | Climbing the stairs makes you breathless. |
3. Alternatives to Feeling Verbs
For many of the feeling verbs, there are other ways of expressing the same feeling. The one you probably already know is “minä olen väsynyt” instead of “minua väsyttää“. The difference between those two forms is nearly non-existent, with one meaning “I’m tired” and the other “I feel tired.”
| Finnish | English | Finnish | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| minä olen väsynyt | I am tired | minua väsyttää | I feel tired |
| minä olen hermostunut | I am nervous | minua hermostuttaa | I feel nervous |
| minä olen hämmästynyt | I am amazed | minua hämmästyttää | I feel amazed |
| minulla on jano | I am thirsty | minua janottaa | I feel thirsty |
However, in some cases, the difference between the two verbs is larger. You can see that very well with the verbs itkeä and itkettää. While “minä itken” means that I’m crying, “minua itkettää” merely means that I feel like crying or might cry soon.
| Finnish | English | Finnish | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| minä itken | I cry | minua itkettää | I feel like crying |
| minä nauran | I laugh | minua naurattaa | I feel like laughing |
| minä oksennan | I puke | minua oksettaa | I feel nauseous |
| minä nukun | I sleep | minua nukuttaa | I feel sleepy |
| minä aivastan | I sneeze | minua aivastuttaa | I feel like I have to sneeze |
For some other verbs still, the feeling verb is used especially when you want to include the reason for what you’re feeling. This is true for hämmästyä vs hämmästyttää for example. While “minä olen hämmästynyt” means “I am amazed”, “minua hämmästyttää” can be translated as “it amazes me…”, which is a sentence that naturally seems to require a reason for the feeling.
| Finnish | English |
|---|---|
| Minä olen hämmästynyt. | I am amazed. |
| Minua hämmästyttää. | It amazes me. |
| Minä pelkäsin kylmyyttä. | I was afraid of the cold. |
| Minua pelotti kylmyys. | The cold frightened me. |
| Minä jännitin juhlia. | I was nervous about the party. |
| Minua jännitti juhlat. | The party made me nervous. |
| Minä kauhistelen pimeyttä. | I’m horrified of darkness. |
| Minua kauhistuttaa pimeys. | The darkness horrifies me. |
| Ilahdun kun saan kukkia. | I feel happy when I get flowers. |
| Minua ilahduttaa kukat. | The flowers make me happy. |
Next, you could take a deeper look into how these feeling verbs are derived from other verbs and nouns in our article about emotive causative verbs.
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