Words Ending in -inen – Derivational Suffix Johdin Johdos
There are thousands of words in Finnish than end in -nen. In this article, we’ll look specifically as DERIVED words with the -inen derivational element. The derivational suffix -inen is very common!
1. Terminology
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- Derivation: The process of making new words based on original words by adding elements to them (johtaminen).
- Derivational element: The prefix, suffix or affix you add to a word to create a new word (johdin).
- Derivate: The new word that’s formed by adding a derivational element (johdos).
- Root word: The original word to which the derivational element is added (kantasana).
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2. Functions of the Derivational Suffix -inen
We use the suffix -inen to create adjectives. The resulting adjective usually has one of the following meanings:
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- The adjective expresses that something contains the root word.
Example: kala means “fish” > kalainen järvi means a lake that contains (a lot of) fish. - The adjective expresses that something is created from the root word.
Example: puu means “wood” > puinen pöytä means a table is made from wood. - The adjective expresses that something is covered in the root word.
Example: ruoho means “grass” > ruohoinen mäki means a hill covered in grass. - The adjective expresses that something resembles the root word.
Example: talvi means “winter” > talvinen sää means weather that resembles winter.
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3. Words Ending in the Derivational Suffix -inen
This section contains words which have been derived using the derivational suffix -inen.
Base word | Adjective | English | Description |
---|---|---|---|
huopa | huopainen | felt | made of felt, resembles felt (hat) |
nahka | nahkainen | leathery, leathered | made of, resembles leather (wallet) |
pellava | pellavainen | flaxen, linen | made of, resembles linen (cloth) |
silkki | silkkinen | silky, silken | made of silk, feels silky (skin) |
ohra | ohrainen | barley | made of, contains barley (bread) |
vehnä | vehnäinen | wheat | made of, contains wheat (bread) |
ruis | rukiinen | rye | made of, contains rye (bread) |
olki | olkinen | straw | made of straw, contains straw (hat) |
paperi | paperinen | paper, papery | made of paper (airplane) |
kivi | kivinen | stone, stony, rocky | made of stone, covered in stone (path) |
tiili | tiilinen | brick | made of bricks (house) |
pronssi | pronssinen | bronze, bronzy | made of bronze (jewel) |
teräs | teräksinen | steel, steely | made of steel, resembles steel (nerves) |
rauta | rautainen | iron, cast iron | made of iron, resembles iron (fist) |
kupari | kuparinen | copper, coppery | made of, contains copper (cable) |
hopea | hopeinen | silver, silvery | made of silver, contains silver (ring) |
kulta | kultainen | golden, gold | made of gold, contains gold (necklace) |
alumiini | alumiininen | aluminic, aluminum | made of, contains aluminum (plate) |
sinkki | sinkkinen | zinc | made of zinc, contains zinc (basin) |
posliini | posliininen | porcelain | made of porcelain (doll) |
marmori | marmorinen | marble | made of marble (statue) |
kangas | kankainen | fabric | made of fabric (curtain) |
kvartsi | kvartsinen | quartoze | made of, contains quartz (jewel) |
lasi | lasinen | glass, glassed, glassy | made of, contains, looks like glass (door) |
puu | puinen | wooden, woody | made of wood (rod) |
mänty | mäntyinen | pine | made of pine, resembles pine (smell) |
vaneri | vanerinen | plywood, veneer | made of plywood (cutting board) |
honka | honkainen | piney | made of, covered in pinewood (table) |
kipsi | kipsinen | plaster | made of plaster (wall) |
kumi | kuminen | rubbery | made of rubber (glove) |
muovi | muovinen | plastic | made of plastic (box) |
sora | sorainen | gravelly | covered in, made of gravel (ridge) |
vuori | vuorinen | mountainous, hilly | covered in mountains (shore) |
ruoho | ruohoinen | grassy | covered in grass (lawn, hill) |
rikkaruoho | rikkaruohoinen | weedy | covered in weeds (field, garden) |
sohjo | sohjoinen | slushy, sleety | covered in sludge, sleet (road) |
hiekka | hiekkainen | sandy | covered in sand, made of sand (beach) |
tahma | tahmainen | sticky, gooey | covered in goo, feels sticky (rice) |
usva | usvainen | misty, hazy, foggy | covered in fog (landscape) |
huurre | huurteinen | frosty | covered in frost (glass) |
kaste | kasteinen | dewy, bedewed | covered in dew (meadow) |
pisama | pisamainen | freckled | covered in freckles (face) |
terva | tervainen | tarry | covered in tar, smells of tar (soap) |
hiki | hikinen | sweaty | covered in sweat (bodybuilder) |
veri | verinen | bloody, bloodstained | covered in blood (hand) |
karva | karvainen | hairy, furry | covered in hair, fur (legs) |
kihara | kiharainen | curly, twisty | covered in, with (many) curls (hair) |
pensas | pensainen | bushy | covered in bushes (landscape) |
kukka | kukkainen | flowery, floral | covered in, resembles flowers (smell) |
ruoste | ruosteinen | rust, rusting | covered in rust (kettle) |
nukka | nukkainen | fuzzy, downy | covered in fuzz (sweater) |
pöly | pölyinen | dusty, gritty | covered in dust (floor) |
tomu | tomuinen | dusty | covered in dust (attic) |
home | homeinen | mouldy, moldy, musty | covered in, contains mold (cheese) |
taikina | taikinainen | doughy | covered in, tastes of dough (hands) |
lumi | luminen | snowy | covered in, contains snow (path) |
jää | jäinen | icy, iced, frozen | covered in ice (road) |
tuli | tulinen | fiery, hot | covered in fire, resembles fire (food) |
suomu | suomuinen | scaly, scaley, scaled | covered in scales (crocodile) |
kala | kalainen |
fishy | contains fish (lake) |
marja | marjainen | berried | contains berries (hill, bush) |
paska | paskainen | shitty, crappy | contains shit (diaper) |
rasva | rasvainen | greasy, fatty | contains fat (food), feels greasy (skin) |
rasva | vähärasvainen | low-fat | contains less fat (cheese) |
viima | viimainen | windy | contains an icy wind (evening, lake) |
aurinko | aurinkoinen | sunny | contains sun (day, room) |
sade | sateinen | rainy | contains rain (morning) |
myrsky | myrskyinen | stormy, rocky, wild | contains, resembles a storm (weather) |
tuuli | tuulinen | windy, breezy | contains wind (weather) |
vesi | vetinen | watery | contains water, resembles water (liquid) |
saaste | saasteinen | polluted | contains pollution (air) |
jänne | jänteinen | sinewy, stringy | contains sinew, tendons (meat) |
ruoto | ruotoinen | bony, boney | contains a lot of fish bones (meal) |
öljy | öljyinen | oily | contains oil, resembles oil (liquid) |
mauste | mausteinen | spicy, seasoned | contains spices, seasoning (food) |
hunaja | hunajainen | honeyed | contains honey, tastes of honey (cake) |
hedelmä | hedelmäinen | fruity | contains fruit, tastes of fruit (wine) |
pähkinä | pähkinäinen | nutty, nutlike | contains nuts, resembles nuts (taste) |
sokeri | sokerinen | sugary, sweet | contains (lots of) sugar (jam) |
suola | suolainen | salty, salted | contains (lots of) salt (sea water) |
siirappi | siirappinen | syrupy, soppy | contains syrup, resembles syrup (spoon) |
sipuli | sipulinen | oniony, alliaceous | contains onion, resembles onion (taste) |
kiemura | kiemurainen | winding, squiggly | contains bends, twists, loops (path) |
kierukka | kierukkainen | coiled | contains coils (drill) |
kuhmura | kuhmurainen | knobbly | contains bumps, feels bumpy (pillow) |
muhkura | muhkurainen | gnarly, knotted, gnarled | contains knobbles, feels gnarled (trunk) |
möykky | möykkyinen | lumpy, clumpy | contains clumps (soil) |
kokkare | kokkareinen | lumpy, chunky | contains lumps (sauce) |
mutka | mutkainen | bendy, twisting | contains bends, twists (road) |
oksa | oksainen | branchy, well-branched | contains, covered in branches (tree) |
raita | raitainen | striped | contains, covered in stripes (shirt) |
kuvio | kuvioinen | patterned | contains, covered in pattern (dress) |
ruuhka | ruuhkainen | congested, busy | contains a traffic jam (road) |
tuska | tuskainen | distressed, suffering | contains pain, feels like pain (patient) |
savu | savuinen | smoky, smoke-filled | contains smoke (air) |
kallio | kallioinen | cliffy, rocky | contains cliffs, rocks (coastline) |
arpi | arpinen | scarred | contains scars (face) |
rupi | rupinen | scabby, crusted | contains scabs (skin) |
naarmu | naarmuinen | scratched | contains a scratch (table, face) |
ryppy | ryppyinen | wrinkly, wrinkled | contains wrinkles (skin, cloth) |
kuoppa | kuoppainen | bumpy, rough | contains holes, bumps (road) |
lommo | lommoinen | dented | contains a dent (can) |
reikä | reikäinen | holey, cavitied | contains holes (sock), cavities (teeth) |
uurre | uurteinen | grooved, rugged | contains grooves (bark, face) |
pihka | pihkainen | resinous, tarry | contains tar, covered in tar (tree) |
tahra | tahrainen | stained, smudgy | contains a stain, covered in stains (cloth) |
hilse | hilseinen | scurfy, dandruffy | contains dandruff (hair) |
lika | likainen | dirty, firthy | contains dirt, filth (kitchen) |
törky | törkyinen | dirty, grimy, nasty | contains dirt, trash (yard) |
roso | rosoinen | ragged, rough, jagged | contains tiny uneven bits (trail) |
sokkelo | sokkeloinen | labyrinthine, mazy | resembles a maze (building) |
ryysy | ryysyinen | ragged, tattered | resembles rags (clothing) |
resu | resuinen | ragged, shabby, ratty | resembles rags (clothing) |
rae | rakeinen | granular, gritty | resembles granules (sugar, stone) |
kesä | kesäinen | summery, summerlike | resembles summer (day) |
talvi | talvinen | wintery, wintry | resembles winter (wheather) |
syksy | syksyinen | autumnal, autumn | resembles autumn (afternoon) |
kevät | keväinen | springlike | resembles spring (morning) |
joulu | jouluinen | Christmassy | resembles Chrismas (atmosphere) |
mies | miehinen | masculine, manly | resembles a man (facial features) |
flunssa | flunssainen | fluey | has the flu, feels like flu (child) |
kuume | kuumeinen | feverish, delirious | has a fever, feels like fever (patient) |
jano | janoinen | thirsty, parched | has a thirst, feels thirsty (animal) |
nälkä | nälkäinen | hungry | has a hunger, feels hungry (baby) |
kiukku | kiukkuinen | snappy, grumpy, angry | has a temper, feels angry (teenager) |
viha | vihainen | angry, mad, pissed | has a hate, feels angry (child) |
ilo | iloinen | happy, cheerful | has joy, feels happy (baby) |
kohmelo | kohmeloinen | hung-over | has a hangover (teenager) |
syyhy | syyhyinen | mangy, scabby | has mange or scabies (dog) |
Check out these other sources too:
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- Palomäki.info: Käänteissanakirjan -n-loppuiset sanat
- Wiktionary: Finnish nainen-type nominals
- VISK: Laaja johdostyyppi ja sen alatyypit
- VISK: Lisää nen-adjektiivien merkityssuhteista
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That’s all for this list of words created with the derivational suffix -inen! There are most likely many more that could be added, but this should be a good list to start with.
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