Words ending in -ja/-ija – Opiskelija Opettaja
A lot of verbs, in Finnish as well as in English, have a derivate for the person doing the verb’s action. In English the ending for this is often -er (for example: to play → player). In Finnish, these are often words ending in -ja or -ija (or -jä and -ijä, according to the vowel harmoney rules).
The lists on this page are extremely limited, because there are hundreds of words ending in -ja/-ija. This page is meant to give you an idea of how these words are formed, as well as how they are inflected in all the different cases.
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- Words ending in -ja
- Words ending in -ija
- Inflection of words ending in -ja and -ija
- Compound words ending in -ja or -ija
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1. Words ending in -ja
Words ending in -ja/jä are derived from verbs by taking the strong stem of the verb (e.g. lentä- → lentäjä; korjaa- → korjaaja).
| Verb | English | Person | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| ajaa | to drive | ajaja | driver |
| ampua | to shoot | ampuja | shooter |
| asentaa | to fit / to install | asentaja | mechanic |
| esiintyä | to perform | esiintyjä | performer |
| hiihtää | to ski | hiihtäjä | skier |
| hitsata | to weld | hitsaaja | welder |
| hoitaa | to take care | hoitaja | caretaker |
| holhota | to guard | holhooja | guardian |
| ilmoittaa | to advertise | ilmoittaja | advertiser |
| johtaa | to lead | johtaja | leader |
| järjestää | to organize | järjestäjä | organizer |
| kalastaa | to fish | kalastaja | fisherman |
| katsoa | to watch | katsoja | viewer |
| kerjätä | to beg | kerjääjä | beggar |
| kertoa | to tell | kertoja | narrator |
| kiristää | to blackmail | kiristäjä | blackmailer |
| korjata | to repair | korjaaja | repairman |
| kuljettaa | to transport | kuljettaja | driver |
| kuristaa | to strangle | kuristaja | strangler |
| käyttää | to use | käyttäjä | user |
| kääntää | to translate | kääntäjä | translator |
| lahjoittaa | to donate | lahjoittaja | donor |
| lentää | to fly | lentäjä | pilot |
| luoda | to create | luoja | creator |
| matkustaa | to travel | matkustaja | traveller |
| myydä | to sell | myyjä | seller |
| ostaa | to buy | ostaja | buyer |
| palvoa | to worship | palvoja | worshipper |
| parantaa | to make better | parantaja | healer |
| perustaa | to found | perustaja | founder |
| pettää | to betray | pettäjä | betrayer |
| piirtää | to draw | piirtäjä | drawer |
| puoltaa | to support | puoltaja | supporter |
| rakastaa | to love | rakastaja | lover |
| saada | to receive | saaja | receiver |
| selostaa | to commentate | selostaja | commentator |
| siivota | to clean | siivooja | cleaner |
| säästää | to save | säästäjä | saver |
| opettaa | to teach | opettaja | teacher |
| tarkastaa | to inspect | tarkastaja | inspector |
| teloittaa | to execute | teloittaja | executioner |
| toimittaa | to report | toimittaja | reporter |
| uudistaa | to innovate | uudistaja | innovator |
| valmentaa | to coach, train | valmentaja | coach / trainer |
| väärentää | to forge | väärentäjä | forger |
| äänittää | to record | äänittäjä | recorder |
2. Words ending in -ija
When a word is derived from a verb which has a stem ending in -i or -e, you will get an -i- in front of the -ja/jä when deriving a noun from it (e.g. kokeile- → kokeilija; hallitse- → hallitsija).
| Verb | English | Person | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| kulkea | to move | jalankulkija | pedestrian |
| kylpeä | to bathe | kylpijä | bather |
| lukea | to read | lukija | reader |
| pyrkiä | to strive (for) | pyrkijä | applicant |
| hulinoida | to be unruly | hulinoitsija | hooligan |
| huomioida | to observe | huomioitsija | observer |
| kapinoida | to rebel | kapinoitsija | rebel |
| käydä | to visit | kävijä | visitor |
| luennoida | to lecture | luennoija | lecturer |
| tupakoida | to smoke | tupakoija | smoker |
| ihailla | to admire | ihailija | admirer |
| harhailla | to wander | harhailija | wanderer |
| julkaista | to publish | julkaisija | publisher |
| katsella | to look | katselija | spectator |
| keräillä | to collect | keräilijä | collector |
| kokeilla | to try | kokeilija | experimenter |
| kuulla | to hear | kuulija | hearer |
| kuunnella | to listen | kuuntelija | listener |
| lasketella | to go down hills | laskettelija | downhill skier |
| luistella | to skate | luistelija | skater |
| matkailla | to travel | matkailija | traveller |
| opiskella | to study | opiskelija | student |
| pestä | to wash | pesijä | laundress |
| pyöräillä | to cycle | pyöräilijä | cyclist |
| runoilla | to write poetry | runoilija | poet |
| suositella | to recommend | suosittelija | referee |
| tarjoilla | to serve | tarjoilija | waiter |
| telttailla | to camp | telttailija | camper |
| urheilla | to sport | urheilija | athlete |
| vietellä | to seduce | viettelijä | seducer |
| viljellä | to cultivate | maanviljelijä | farmer |
| vitkastella | to dawdle | vitkastelija | dawdler |
| voimistella | to to gymnastics | voimistelija | gymnast |
| hallita | to govern | hallitsija | ruler |
| valita | to choose | valitsija | selector |
3. Inflection of words ending in -ja and -ija
Words ending in -ja and -ija can both be inflected in all the Finnish cases. However, their plural inflection will be different.
In the plural, words ending in -ja will have the final -a replaced with the plural -i- (e.g. myyjä → myyjiä). Words ending in -ija will have the final -a replaced with -oi- (e.g. lukija → lukijoita).
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| Words ending in -ja | ||
|---|---|---|
| Case | Singular | Plural |
| Nominative | opettaja | opettajat |
| Partitive | opettaja | opettajia |
| Genitive | opettajan | opettajien |
| Inessive | opettajassa | opettajissa |
| Elative | opettajasta | opettajista |
| Illative | opettajaan | opettajiin |
| Adessive | opettajalla | opettajilla |
| Ablative | opettajalta | opettajilta |
| Allative | opettajalle | opettajille |
| Translative | opettajaksi | opettajiksi |
| Essive | opettajana | opettajina |
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| Words ending in -ija | ||
|---|---|---|
| Case | Singular | Plural |
| Nominative | opiskelija | opiskelijat |
| Partitive | opiskelijaa | opiskelijoita |
| Genitive | opiskelijan | opiskelijoiden |
| Inessive | opiskelijassa | opiskelijoissa |
| Elative | opiskelijasta | opiskelijoista |
| Illative | opiskelijaan | opiskelijoihin |
| Adessive | opiskelijalla | opiskelijoilla |
| Ablative | opiskelijalta | opiskelijoilta |
| Allative | opiskelijalle | opiskelijoille |
| Translative | opiskelijaksi | opiskelijoiksi |
| Essive | opiskelijana | opiskelijoina |
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4. Compound words ending in –ja or -ija
We can derive words ending in -ja/-ija from any verb in theory. However, the usefulness of these words on their own often isn’t very high. What, for example, would you do with the word “be-er” (from the verb “to be”) or “comer” (from the verb “to come”).
While these derivations on their own are near-useless, just looking at the word “comer” could bring to mind other nouns, such as “newcomer” and “homecomer”. We can make compound nouns like these in Finnish as well.
| Verb | English | Person | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| olla mukana | to be involved | mukanaolija | insider |
| olla läsnä | to be present | läsnäolija | attendant |
| tulla vastaan | to come towards | vastaantulija | oncomer |
| tulla sisään | to come instead | vastaantulija | person entering |
| tehdä pahaa | to do evil | pahantekijä | evildoer |
| tehdä syntiä | to do a sin | synnyntekijä | sinner |
| tehdä työtä | to do work | työntekijä | employee |
| antaa työtä | to give work | työnantaja | employer |
| antaa vuokraa | to give rent | vuokranantaja | lessor |
| tanssia nuoralla | to dance on rope | nuorallatanssija | tightrope walker |
| kävellä unissa | to walk in sleep | unissakävelijä | sleepwalker |
| pidellä pahoin | to treat bad | pahoinpitelijä | perpetrator |
| nähdä silmin | to see with eyes | silminnäkijä | eyewitness |
| etsiä kultaa | to search for gold | kullanetsijä | prospector |
| etsiä aarretta | to search for treasure | aarteenetsijä | treasure hunter |
While this is the end of this article, there are hundreds more words ending in -ja/jä. There are also many more nouns that refer to a person, such as the ones in this article on nouns describing personality or behavior.
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